The “Loppin stane” was used in days gone by people to mount their horses. The jougs was a cast iron collar with a chain used for minor offences by the Kirk Session
(c) John Arthur
PARIS.- The exhibition tackles the question of permanence and of artistic development observed in the northern margins of Europe during the spread of Christianity between the 7th and 12th centuries. For the first time in almost fifteen years, a large exhibition on the art of this period in northern Europe gives us the opportunity to discover, or rediscover, some of the most spectacular pieces from the Celtic and Scandinavian countries.
Although Europe bears the Greek name of a Phoenician princess, it was not until the Middle Ages that the concept and the geographical space were defined. Within the context of the French Presidency of the European Union, this exhibition is exceptional in its originality, and in the richness of its content. for more click here
Up to the end of the 19th century this area of Leith was crossed by many closes with massive overcrowding causing a very high death rate due to infectious disease. (see maps on this site)
(c) John Arthur
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